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Rhodium vs Magnesium

Rhodium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Mg  
Group Number
9  
9
2  
16
Period Number
5  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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