Magnesium vs Zirconium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg
Zr
Group Number
2
16
4
14
Period Number
3
5
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439954
99+
7440677
23
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joseph Black
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Discovery
In 1755
In 1789
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %
2
5 * 10-6 %
13
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %
2
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %
2
0.00 %
17
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %
4
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %
2
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %
4
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
21
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
0.10 p.p.m.
23
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C
99+
1,852.00 °C
15
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C
99+
4,377.00 °C
11
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
5.00
8
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa
36
638.00 MPa
19
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
820.00 MPa
15
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s
11
3,800.00 m/s
20
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
74.00 %
7
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg
Zr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
15
24
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31
31
1.33
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32
18
0.90
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.22
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37
16
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.29
35
1.32
34
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69
23
2.67
24
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol
24
640.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
1,270.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
2,218.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
3,313.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
7,752.00 kJ/mol
10
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
9,500.00 kJ/mol
15
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
0.85 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV
29
4.05 eV
26
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12
99+
40
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
12
99+
40
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
51
99+
Number of Electrons
12
99+
40
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm
27
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm
99+
175.00 pm
23
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm
37
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu
99+
91.22 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol
37
14.10 cm3/mol
36
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)
99+
80.00 (-eV)
18
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm
99+
323.20 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
8
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3
99+
6.52 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3
99+
5.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
21
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa
37
33.00 GPa
20
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa
25
91.10 GPa
17
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa
39
88.00 GPa
22
Poisson Ratio
0.29
15
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
1.74
99+
6.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
421.00 nΩ·m
11
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
41.10 kJ/mol
27
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
0.27 J/(kg K)
19
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K
8
22.60 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
5.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
581.60 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol
39
20.90 kJ/mol
11
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
598.00 kJ/mol
10
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
39.00 J/mol.K
39
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