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Zirconium vs Magnesium

Zirconium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Mg  
Group Number
4  
14
2  
16
Period Number
5  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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