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Magnesium vs Scandium

Magnesium
Scandium
Scandium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
Sc   
Group Number
2   
16
3   
15
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
32
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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