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Zirconium vs Calcium

Zirconium
Calcium
Calcium vs Zirconium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zr  
Ca  
Group Number
4  
14
2  
16
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440677  
23
7440702  
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1789  
In 1808  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
14
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.01 %  
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
17
1.10 %  
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
14
5.00 %  
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
18
1.40 %  
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
21
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3  
4
In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.  
28
170,000.00 p.p.m.  
1
Physical
Melting Point
1,852.00 °C  
15
839.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C  
11
1,484.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
1.75  
18
Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa  
21
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa  
22
170.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s  
27
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.15  
10
1.54  
35
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Zr  
Ca  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
19  
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.33  
31
1.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
0.95  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.04  
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.33  
32
1.08  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.32  
39
1.03  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.67  
24
3.00  
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
589.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol  
7
4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol  
15
5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,153.00 kJ/mol  
11
6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol  
21
10,496.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,270.00 kJ/mol  
12
8th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,206.00 kJ/mol  
15
9th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
18,191.00 kJ/mol  
12
10th Energy Level
5,730.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,385.00 kJ/mol  
16
11th Energy Level
6,406.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
12th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
63,410.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
36
70,110.00 kJ/mol  
3
14th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78,890.00 kJ/mol  
4
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
36
86,310.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
94,000.00 kJ/mol  
6
17th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
104,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
18th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol  
38
111,711.00 kJ/mol  
8
19th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
39
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
33
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
640.00 kJ/mol  
35
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
37
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
36
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
38
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
99+
590.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol  
39
590.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.05 eV  
34
2.87 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
40  
99+
20  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2  
[Ar] 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zirconium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
40  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Neutrons
51  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
40  
99+
20  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm  
29
197.00 pm  
8
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm  
25
176.00 pm  
24
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
231.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
91.22 amu  
99+
40.08 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol  
99+
29.90 cm3/mol  
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Yttrium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Niobium
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)  
18
29.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
323.20 pm  
99+
558.84 pm  
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
25
1.55  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm3  
99+
1.55 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm3  
99+
1.38 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
20.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
12
0.00  
6
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
25.50 (Pa)  
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
7.40 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa  
18
17.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa  
24
20.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.51  
99+
4.58  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m  
11
33.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω  
6
Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol  
32
2.37 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.63 J/(kg K)  
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
25.93 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K  
99+
201.00 W/m·K  
5
Critical Temperature
2,128.00 K  
17
1,115.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol  
11
150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol  
11
8.54 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol  
12
184.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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