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Magnesium vs Vanadium

Magnesium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Magnesium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mg   
V   
Group Number
2   
16
5   
13
Period Number
3   
4   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439954   
99+
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joseph Black   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1755   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-2 %   
2
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.07 %   
2
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
12.00 %   
2
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.90 %   
4
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
0.13 %   
2
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
0.03 %   
4
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
650.00 °C   
99+
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
1,107.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa   
36
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
4,940.00 m/s   
11
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
74.00 %   
7
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mg   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
15   
24
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.31   
31
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.32   
18
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.37   
16
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.29   
35
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.69   
23
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.66 eV   
29
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
12   
99+
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
12   
99+
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
12   
99+
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
12   
99+
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
160.00 pm   
27
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
141.00 pm   
99+
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
173.00 pm   
37
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
24.31 amu   
99+
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Sodium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Aluminium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
320.94 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
17.00 GPa   
37
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
45.00 GPa   
25
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa   
39
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
0.29   
15
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.74   
99+
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
156.00 W/m·K   
8
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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