Vanadium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
V
Mg
Group Number
5
13
2
16
Period Number
4
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440622
27
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1801
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-4 %
10
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.00004 %
13
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
14
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %
12
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
14
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
16
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
31
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C
13
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C
20
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Blue-Silver Grey
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.70
4
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa
20
260.00 MPa
36
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa
17
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s
17
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
61.00 %
14
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
V
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
22
17
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63
20
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39
17
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45
16
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.53
26
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37
34
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
Not Available
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV
18
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
23
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
23
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
28
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
23
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm
33
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)
6
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm
99+
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3
99+
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa
6
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)
16
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa
16
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa
11
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa
15
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.96
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m
19
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol
20
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K
39
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol
14
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
14
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol
13
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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