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Vanadium vs Magnesium

Vanadium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Vanadium


Periodic Table
Symbol
V  
Mg  
Group Number
5  
13
2  
16
Period Number
4  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440622  
27
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
11
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
13
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
14
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.02 %  
12
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
14
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
19
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
1,890.00 °C  
13
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,380.00 °C  
21
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Blue-Silver Grey  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.70  
4
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
600.00 MPa  
24
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
628.00 MPa  
25
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,560.00 m/s  
22
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.05  
13
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
V  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
22  
17
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.39  
21
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.63  
21
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.53  
29
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.37  
34
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
23  
99+
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
23  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
28  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
23  
99+
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
153.00 pm  
35
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
50.94 amu  
99+
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Titanium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Chromium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
120.00 (-eV)  
6
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
303.00 pm  
99+
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.70  
9
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
800.00 MPa  
6
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
11
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.23 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
47.00 GPa  
16
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa  
11
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
128.00 GPa  
17
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.96  
99+
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
8
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
30.70 W/m·K  
40
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
2,183.00 K  
15
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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