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Rhodium Magnesium Comparison


Magnesium Rhodium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Rh   
Mg   

Group Number
9   
9
2   
16

Period Number
5   
3   

Block
d block   
s block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   

CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7439954   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Joseph Black   

Discovery
In 1804   
In 1755   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
6 * 10-2 %   
2

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.07 %   
2

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
12.00 %   
2

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
2.90 %   
4

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.13 %   
2

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
Not Available   
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5

In Bone
Not Available   
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
650.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
1,107.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
260.00 MPa   
36

Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
4,940.00 m/s   
11

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
74.00 %   
7

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Rh   
Mg   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
16   
23
15   
24

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.31   
31

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.32   
18

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.23   
25

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.37   
16

Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
1.29   
35

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.69   
23

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
737.70 kJ/mol   
24

2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3

7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
3.66 eV   
29

Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
45   
99+
12   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Ne] 3s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
45   
99+
12   
99+

Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
12   
99+

Number of Electrons
45   
99+
12   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
160.00 pm   
27

Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
141.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
173.00 pm   
37

Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
24.31 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
13.97 cm3/mol   
37

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Sodium
  

Next Element
Palladium
  
Aluminium
  

Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
40.00 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
320.94 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
1.74 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
1.58 g/cm3   
99+

Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
17.00 GPa   
37

Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
45.00 GPa   
25

Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
45.00 GPa   
39

Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
0.29   
15

Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
1.74   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7

Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
0.00 kJ/mol   
40

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4

Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
156.00 W/m·K   
8

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
8.95 kJ/mol   
39

Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+

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