Manganese vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn
Mg
Group Number
7
11
2
16
Period Number
4
3
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7439965
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
217.00
4
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1774
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %
8
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %
8
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %
8
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %
8
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.
8
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C
37
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
99+
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s
7
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
21
18
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55
25
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60
9
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.75
15
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45
29
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol
30
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
Not Available
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
Not Available
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV
25
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
25
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
12
99+
Number of Electrons
25
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm
99+
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)
2
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm
1
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3
99+
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
12
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa
14
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa
12
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.21
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
29
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K
99+
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol
23
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol
38
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
