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Manganese vs Bismuth

Manganese
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn  
Bi  
Group Number
7  
11
15  
3
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439965  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
I_ 43m  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
217.00  
5
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1774  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %  
8
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %  
8
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C  
37
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s  
11
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mn  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55  
26
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60  
10
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.55  
23
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.75  
18
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45  
29
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV  
32
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
25  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
126  
19
Number of Electrons
25  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm  
99+
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)  
2
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm  
1
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.55  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa  
19
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa  
14
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa  
13
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21  
99+
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
12
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,519.00 K  
40
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
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