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Manganese vs Calcium

Manganese
Calcium
Calcium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
Ca   
Group Number
7   
11
2   
16
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440702   
21
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
  • It is found in the compound state.
  • Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1774   
In 1808   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
7 * 10-3 %   
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~0.007 %   
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
1.10 %   
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
5.00 %   
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
5
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
1.40 %   
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
  • Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3   
4
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
170,000.00 p.p.m.   
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
839.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
1,484.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
1.75   
17
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
170.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
Ca   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
19   
20
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
1.00   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
0.95   
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
1.04   
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.08   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
1.03   
39
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
3.00   
9
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
589.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
1,145.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4,912.40 kJ/mol   
7
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
6,491.00 kJ/mol   
7
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
8,153.00 kJ/mol   
7
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
10,496.00 kJ/mol   
8
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
12,270.00 kJ/mol   
12
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
14,206.00 kJ/mol   
15
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
18,191.00 kJ/mol   
12
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
20,385.00 kJ/mol   
16
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
57,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
63,410.00 kJ/mol   
3
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
70,110.00 kJ/mol   
3
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
78,890.00 kJ/mol   
4
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
86,310.00 kJ/mol   
5
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
94,000.00 kJ/mol   
6
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
104,900.00 kJ/mol   
7
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
111,711.00 kJ/mol   
8
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
2.87 eV   
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
20   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Ar] 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
20   
99+
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
20   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
197.00 pm   
6
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
176.00 pm   
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
231.00 pm   
19
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
40.08 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
29.90 cm3/mol   
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Potassium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Scandium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
29.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
558.84 pm   
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
1.55 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
1.38 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
25.50 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
7.40 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
17.00 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
20.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
4.58   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
33.60 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.30 106/cm Ω   
6
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
2.37 kJ/mol   
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
0.63 J/(kg K)   
7
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
25.93 J/mol·K   
34
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
201.00 W/m·K   
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
22.30 µm/(m·K)   
19
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
8.54 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
184.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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