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Manganese vs Lead

Manganese
Lead
Lead vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn  
Pb  
Group Number
7  
11
14  
4
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439965  
99+
7439921  
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
217.00  
5
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn  
-  
Discovery
In 1774  
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %  
8
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %  
8
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
14
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.  
8
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
Physical
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C  
37
327.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C  
99+
1,740.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
196.00 MPa  
99+
38.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s  
11
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.00  
15
2.02  
14
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
5.00 %  
39
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Mn  
Pb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21  
18
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55  
26
1.87  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.29  
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60  
10
1.55  
12
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.55  
23
2.41  
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.75  
18
1.85  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45  
29
1.67  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
30
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol  
21
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol  
30
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol  
5
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol  
6
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol  
9
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol  
11
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol  
10
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol  
1
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol  
6
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol  
5
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol  
5
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
25th Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol  
24
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV  
32
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
25  
99+
82  
34
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25  
99+
82  
34
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
125  
20
Number of Electrons
25  
99+
82  
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm  
99+
175.00 pm  
21
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
202.00 pm  
34
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu  
99+
207.20 amu  
30
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol  
99+
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)  
2
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm  
1
495.08 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.55  
99+
1.51  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3  
99+
11.34 g/cm3  
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3  
99+
10.66 g/cm3  
36
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
12.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
12
1.64 (Pa)  
7
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa  
19
5.60 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa  
14
46.00 GPa  
28
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa  
13
16.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21  
99+
11.35  
38
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
7
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
12
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m  
99+
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)  
11
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K  
37
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K  
99+
35.30 W/m·K  
39
Critical Temperature
1,519.00 K  
40
600.61 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)  
22
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol  
99+
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol  
25
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol  
99+
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K  
99+
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
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