Manganese vs Scandium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn
Sc
Group Number
7
11
3
15
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439965
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
217.00
4
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1774
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %
8
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %
8
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %
8
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %
8
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.
8
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C
37
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa
99+
750.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s
7
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
21
18
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55
25
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60
9
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.75
15
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45
29
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol
30
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV
25
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
25
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
30
99+
24
99+
Number of Electrons
25
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm
99+
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)
2
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm
1
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3
99+
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3
99+
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
12
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa
14
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa
12
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.21
99+
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K
29
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K
99+
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol
23
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol
38
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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