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Manganese vs Scandium

Manganese
Scandium
Scandium vs Manganese


Periodic Table
Symbol
Mn   
Sc   
Group Number
7   
11
3   
15
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439965   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
I_ 43m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
217.00   
4
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1774   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %   
8
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %   
8
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %   
8
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %   
8
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
13
0.00 %   
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C   
37
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa   
99+
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Mn   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
21   
18
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.55   
25
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.60   
9
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.75   
15
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.45   
29
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV   
25
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
25   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
25   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
30   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
25   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm   
99+
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Chromium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Iron
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)   
2
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm   
1
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
12
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa   
14
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa   
12
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.21   
99+
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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