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Molybdenum
Molybdenum

Scandium
Scandium



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Molybdenum
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Scandium

Molybdenum Scandium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Mo
Sc
1.2 Group Number
63
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
54
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74399877440202
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Lars Fredrik Nilson
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1778
In 1879
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %3 * 10-6 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
2,617.00 °C1,539.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,612.00 °C2,832.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.50NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
1,370.00 MPa750.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,400.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
5,400.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
58.00 %NA
Silver Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Mo
Sc
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2513
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
2.161.36
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.151.02
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.301.20
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
2.161.19
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
1.842.64
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
684.30 kJ/mol633.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,560.00 kJ/mol1,235.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,618.00 kJ/mol2,388.60 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol7,090.60 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5,257.00 kJ/mol8,843.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
6,640.80 kJ/mol10,679.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
12,125.00 kJ/mol13,310.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
13,860.00 kJ/mol15,250.00 kJ/mol
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
15,835.00 kJ/mol17,370.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
17,980.00 kJ/mol21,726.00 kJ/mol
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
20,190.00 kJ/mol24,102.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
22,219.00 kJ/mol66,320.00 kJ/mol
Copper
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
26,930.00 kJ/mol73,010.00 kJ/mol
Vanadium
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
29,196.00 kJ/mol80,160.00 kJ/mol
Iron
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
52,490.00 kJ/mol89,490.00 kJ/mol
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
55,000.00 kJ/mol97,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
61,400.00 kJ/mol105,600.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
67,700.00 kJ/mol117,000.00 kJ/mol
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
74,000.00 kJ/mol124,270.00 kJ/mol
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/molNA
Copper Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
98,420.00 kJ/molNA
Copper Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
104,400.00 kJ/molNA
Iron Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
121,900.00 kJ/molNA
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
127,700.00 kJ/molNA
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
133,800.00 kJ/molNA
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
139,800.00 kJ/molNA
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
148,100.00 kJ/molNA
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
154,500.00 kJ/molNA
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.89 g/amp-hr0.56 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.60 eV3.50 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
4221
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
4221
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
5424
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
4221
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm162.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
154.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm211.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
95.95 amu44.96 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
9.40 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
88.60 (-eV)58.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
314.70 pm330.90 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.59
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
10.28 g/cm32.99 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.33 g/cm32.80 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
324.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)91.30 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
126.00 GPa29.10 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa56.60 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
329.00 GPa74.40 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.310.28
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Weldable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
10.222.99
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
53.40 nΩ·m562.00 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
71.90 kJ/mol18.10 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.25 J/(kg K)0.60 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K25.52 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
138.00 W/m·K15.80 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
4.80 µm/(m·K)10.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
594.10 kJ/mol314.20 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.61 kJ/mol14.10 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
653.00 kJ/mol343.00 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
28.70 J/mol.K34.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1