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Neodymium vs Bismuth

Neodymium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Neodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nd  
Bi  
Group Number
1  
17
15  
3
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440008  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
12.00  
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
7 * 10-8 %  
25
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %  
24
~0.000006 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
  • It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
Not Available  
0.20 p.p.m.  
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C  
28
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available  
2.25  
15
Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa  
35
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa  
27
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s  
38
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nd  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.14  
99+
2.02  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
32
1.67  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.15  
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.01  
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.86  
13
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol  
99+
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr  
37
2.60 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
3.20 eV  
34
4.22 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
60  
99+
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
60  
99+
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
84  
40
126  
18
Number of Electrons
60  
99+
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
181.00 pm  
13
156.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
201.00 pm  
10
148.00 pm  
36
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
20
207.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu  
99+
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol  
18
21.30 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Praseodymium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Promethium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
365.80 pm  
30
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
4
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm3  
99+
9.78 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm3  
36
10.05 g/cm3  
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
21
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)  
2
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa  
38
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa  
37
31.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa  
40
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.00  
99+
9.79  
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
Not Available  
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m  
6
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
21
91.20 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
32
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K  
17
25.52 J/mol·K  
37
Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol  
34
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol  
32
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K  
13
56.70 J/mol.K  
24
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