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Palladium Cobalt Comparison

Palladium
Cobalt
Cobalt Palladium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Co  
Group Number
10  
8
9  
9
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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