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Palladium Magnesium Comparison

Palladium
Magnesium
Magnesium Palladium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Mg  
Group Number
10  
8
2  
16
Period Number
5  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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