Palladium Rhenium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd
Re
Group Number
10
8
7
11
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440053
99+
7440155
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
Sources
Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Masataka Ogawa
Discovery
In 1803
In 1908
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
2 * 10-8 %
29
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
24
~0.00000001 %
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C
22
3,180.00 °C
2
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C
33
5,627.00 °C
2
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.75
9
7.00
3
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa
33
1,320.00 MPa
8
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa
36
1,350.00 MPa
7
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s
26
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.72
1
Not Available
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd
Re
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
38
1
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.90
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35
21
1.46
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.59
22
1.60
21
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol
99+
760.00 kJ/mol
20
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol
2
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol
3
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr
30
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV
3
4.96 eV
7
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46
99+
75
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
46
99+
75
40
Number of Neutrons
60
99+
111
26
Number of Electrons
46
99+
75
40
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
137.00 pm
40
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
151.00 pm
34
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
40
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu
99+
186.21 amu
36
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol
99+
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)
99+
180.00 (-eV)
3
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm
25
276.10 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.62
3
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3
29
21.02 g/cm3
12
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3
17
18.90 g/cm3
4
Tensile Strength
Not Available
1,070.00 MPa
3
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
27
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
30
0.00 (Pa)
29
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
17
178.00 GPa
3
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
9
370.00 GPa
2
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa
16
463.00 GPa
2
Poisson Ratio
0.39
5
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.02
21
21.02
5
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m
29
193.00 nΩ·m
20
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
22
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol
17
14.50 kJ/mol
35
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
23
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K
33
25.48 J/mol·K
38
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K
23
48.00 W/m·K
31
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol
19
707.10 kJ/mol
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol
18
33.05 kJ/mol
2
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol
22
791.00 kJ/mol
2
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K
40
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
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