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Palladium vs Rhenium

Palladium
Rhenium
Rhenium vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd  
Re  
Group Number
10  
8
7  
11
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440053  
99+
7440155  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
Sources
Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Masataka Ogawa  
Discovery
In 1803  
In 1908  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C  
22
3,180.00 °C  
2
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C  
34
5,627.00 °C  
2
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75  
9
7.00  
3
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa  
40
1,320.00 MPa  
8
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa  
99+
1,350.00 MPa  
12
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s  
38
4,700.00 m/s  
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72  
25
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pd  
Re  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38  
1
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35  
22
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
25
1.60  
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
6th Energy Level
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
7th Energy level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
8th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
11th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
12th Energy Level
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
14th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
15th Energy Level
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
16th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
17th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
18th Energy Level
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
19th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
20th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
21st Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
23rd Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
25th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
26th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
27th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
28th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
29th Energy Level
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
30th Energy Level
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV  
7
4.96 eV  
11
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
46  
99+
75  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10  
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46  
99+
75  
40
Number of Neutrons
60  
99+
111  
27
Number of Electrons
46  
99+
75  
40
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
36
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu  
99+
186.21 amu  
36
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Tungsten
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Osmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
180.00 (-eV)  
3
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm  
28
276.10 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.62  
17
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3  
31
21.02 g/cm3  
12
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3  
38
18.90 g/cm3  
14
Tensile Strength
550.00 MPa  
8
1,070.00 MPa  
3
Viscosity
0.00  
14
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
40
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
178.00 GPa  
3
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
370.00 GPa  
2
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa  
18
463.00 GPa  
2
Poisson Ratio
0.39  
5
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02  
33
21.02  
14
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
18
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
27
0.00  
26
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K  
23
48.00 W/m·K  
31
Critical Temperature
1,825.00 K  
26
3,459.00 K  
2
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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