Symbol
Pd
  
Re
  
Period Number
5
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
- In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
- Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
Sources
Ores of metals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
  
Masataka Ogawa
  
Discovery
In 1803
  
In 1908
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %
  
24
~0.00000001 %
  
29
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
- It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Low Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C
  
22
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C
  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silver
  
Silvery Gray
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
  
8
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
  
7
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s
  
26
4,700.00 m/s
  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Pd
  
Re
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol
  
99+
760.00 kJ/mol
  
20
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol
  
2
1,260.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol
  
3
2,510.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
  
3,640.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr
  
30
0.99 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
  
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol
  
99+
8.85 cm3/mol
  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)
  
99+
180.00 (-eV)
  
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3
  
29
21.02 g/cm3
  
12
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3
  
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
1,070.00 MPa
  
3
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m
  
29
193.00 nΩ·m
  
20
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
  
22
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
33
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol
  
17
14.50 kJ/mol
  
35
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
  
23
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K
  
33
25.48 J/mol·K
  
38
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K
  
23
48.00 W/m·K
  
31
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)
  
33
6.20 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol
  
19
707.10 kJ/mol
  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol
  
18
33.05 kJ/mol
  
2
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol
  
22
791.00 kJ/mol
  
2
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K
  
40
36.90 J/mol.K
  
99+