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Palladium vs Rhenium


Rhenium vs Palladium


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pd   
Re   

Group Number
10   
8
7   
11

Period Number
5   
6   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440053   
99+
7440155   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  

Sources
Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Masataka Ogawa   

Discovery
In 1803   
In 1908   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
2 * 10-8 %   
29

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~0.00000001 %   
29

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   

Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,554.90 °C   
22
3,180.00 °C   
2

Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C   
33
5,627.00 °C   
2

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
4.75   
9
7.00   
3

Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa   
33
1,320.00 MPa   
8

Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa   
36
1,350.00 MPa   
7

Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s   
26
4,700.00 m/s   
15

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
1.72   
1
Not Available   

Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pd   
Re   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
38   
1
33   
6

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
1.90   
11

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35   
21
1.46   
15

Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
1.60   
21

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
2.10   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
760.00 kJ/mol   
20

2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
5.12 eV   
3
4.96 eV   
7

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
46   
99+
75   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10   
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
46   
99+
75   
40

Number of Neutrons
60   
99+
111   
26

Number of Electrons
46   
99+
75   
40

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
137.00 pm   
40

Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
151.00 pm   
34

Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
106.42 amu   
99+
186.21 amu   
36

Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Tungsten
  

Next Element
Silver
  
Osmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
180.00 (-eV)   
3

Lattice Constant
389.07 pm   
25
276.10 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.62   
3

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3   
29
21.02 g/cm3   
12

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3   
17
18.90 g/cm3   
4

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
1,070.00 MPa   
3

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
0.00 (Pa)   
29

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
178.00 GPa   
3

Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
370.00 GPa   
2

Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa   
16
463.00 GPa   
2

Poisson Ratio
0.39   
5
0.30   
14

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
12.02   
21
21.02   
5

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
193.00 nΩ·m   
20

Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33

Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
14.50 kJ/mol   
35

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39

Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
25.48 J/mol·K   
38

Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K   
23
48.00 W/m·K   
31

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
707.10 kJ/mol   
3

Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
33.05 kJ/mol   
2

Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
791.00 kJ/mol   
2

Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+

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