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Palladium vs Gold

Palladium
Gold
Gold vs Palladium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pd   
Au   
Group Number
10   
8
11   
7
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440053   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1803   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %   
24
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,554.90 °C   
22
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,963.00 °C   
33
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.75   
9
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
320.00 MPa   
33
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
121.00 MPa   
36
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
3,070.00 m/s   
26
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.72   
1
Not Available   
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pd   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
38   
1
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20   
4
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.35   
21
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
3rd Energy Level
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
5.12 eV   
3
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
46   
99+
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
46   
99+
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
60   
99+
118   
23
Number of Electrons
46   
99+
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm   
40
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
106.42 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Rhodium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Silver
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
389.07 pm   
25
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.02 g/cm3   
29
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.38 g/cm3   
17
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
30
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa   
17
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa   
9
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
121.00 GPa   
16
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.39   
5
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.02   
21
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
71.80 W/m·K   
23
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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