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Platinum vs Cadmium

Platinum
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Cd  
Group Number
10  
8
12  
6
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
78  
38
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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