Platinum vs Gold
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Au
Group Number
10
8
11
7
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440575
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
- It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
- Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Unknown
Discovery
In 1735
Before 6000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
- It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
35
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
1,064.43 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
2,807.00 °C
36
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gold
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
194.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
216.00 MPa
31
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
2,030.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
95.00 %
2
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Au
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
2.54
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
1.92
5
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
1.46
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
890.10 kJ/mol
8
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
1,980.00 kJ/mol
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
2.45 g/amp-hr
21
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
5.10 eV
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
79
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
79
37
Number of Neutrons
117
24
118
23
Number of Electrons
78
38
79
37
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
166.00 pm
39
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
196.97 amu
33
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
10.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
43.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
407.82 pm
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.61
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
19.30 g/cm3
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
17.31 g/cm3
6
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
120.00 MPa
15
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
67.00 (Pa)
4
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
27.00 GPa
27
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
19.32
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
2.20 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.45 106/cm Ω
3
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
25.42 J/mol·K
40
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
318.00 W/m·K
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)
26
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
324.40 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
12.55 kJ/mol
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
364.00 kJ/mol
25
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
47.40 J/mol.K
32
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