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Platinum vs Gold

Platinum
Gold
Gold vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Au   
Group Number
10   
8
11   
7
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440575   
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1735   
Before 6000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
21
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
18
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
35
In Bone
Not Available   
0.02 p.p.m.   
30
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
1,064.43 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
2,807.00 °C   
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gold   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
194.00 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
216.00 MPa   
31
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
2,030.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
95.00 %   
2
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Au   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.54   
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.92   
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
1.46   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
890.10 kJ/mol   
8
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,980.00 kJ/mol   
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
2.45 g/amp-hr   
21
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
5.10 eV   
4
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
79   
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
79   
37
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
118   
23
Number of Electrons
78   
38
79   
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
144.00 pm   
40
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
166.00 pm   
39
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
196.97 amu   
33
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
10.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
407.82 pm   
21
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
19.30 g/cm3   
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
17.31 g/cm3   
6
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
23
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
67.00 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
27.00 GPa   
27
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
79.00 GPa   
24
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
19.32   
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
2.20 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.45 106/cm Ω   
3
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.42 J/mol·K   
40
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
318.00 W/m·K   
3
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)   
26
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
324.40 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
12.55 kJ/mol   
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
364.00 kJ/mol   
25
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
47.40 J/mol.K   
32
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