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Platinum vs Gold

Platinum
Gold
Gold vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Au  
Group Number
10  
8
11  
7
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
-  
Discovery
In 1735  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gold  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
12
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
99+
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.41  
6
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
19
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
4
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
78  
38
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
117  
25
118  
24
Number of Electrons
78  
38
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
27
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.56  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
12
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
16
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
15
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
13
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
14
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
2,041.00 K  
19
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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