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Potassium vs Praseodymium

Potassium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Potassium


Periodic Table
Symbol
K  
Pr  
Group Number
1  
17
3  
15
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
s block  
f block  
Element Family
Alkali  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440097  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy  
-  
Discovery
In 1807  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.07 %  
9
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.50 %  
6
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.04 %  
3
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.20 %  
3
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
63.65 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
774.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.40  
25
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
0.36 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
100.00 MPa  
99+
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.33  
99+
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
K  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82  
99+
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.45  
99+
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.91  
40
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
0.73  
99+
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18  
3
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.30 eV  
99+
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
19  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 4s1  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
19  
99+
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
20  
99+
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
19  
99+
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
227.00 pm  
4
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
275.00 pm  
7
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
39.10 amu  
99+
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Aluminium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Calcium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
532.80 pm  
13
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.69  
10
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
16.00 MPa  
99+
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
9
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
34
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
1.30 GPa  
99+
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
3.10 GPa  
99+
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
3.53 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
0.86  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
102.50 W/m·K  
15
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,223.00 K  
14
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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