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Praseodymium vs Titanium

Praseodymium
Titanium
Titanium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Ti  
Group Number
3  
15
4  
14
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440326  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
  • Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1791  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.05 %  
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.66 %  
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
15
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.57 %  
2
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
  • Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
16
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.60 p.p.m.  
21
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,660.00 °C  
18
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
3,287.00 °C  
23
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery Gray-White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
716.00 MPa  
16
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
830.00 MPa  
21
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
5,090.00 m/s  
13
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
56.00 %  
26
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Ti  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
23  
16
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.54  
27
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.09  
39
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.32  
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.38  
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.46  
28
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
39
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,652.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,174.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,581.00 kJ/mol  
5
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,533.00 kJ/mol  
8
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,590.00 kJ/mol  
6
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,530.00 kJ/mol  
11
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,833.00 kJ/mol  
15
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,575.00 kJ/mol  
14
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,125.00 kJ/mol  
37
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,015.00 kJ/mol  
1
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
83,280.00 kJ/mol  
2
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
90,880.00 kJ/mol  
4
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
109,100.00 kJ/mol  
5
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
117,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
129,900.00 kJ/mol  
7
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
137,530.00 kJ/mol  
9
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.00 kJ/mol  
31
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
30
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
31
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
32
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
37
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
38
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
658.80 kJ/mol  
34
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Scandium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Vanadium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.59  
30
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
4.51  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,941.00 K  
21
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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