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Praseodymium Beryllium Comparison

Praseodymium
Beryllium
Beryllium Praseodymium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Be  
Group Number
3  
15
2  
16
Period Number
6  
2  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440417  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1797  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
29
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
35
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
37
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,278.00 °C  
36
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
2,970.00 °C  
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
White Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
590.00 MPa  
25
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,670.00 MPa  
9
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
12,890.00 m/s  
2
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.56  
34
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Be  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.57  
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.81  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.47  
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.54  
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.58  
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.43  
30
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
899.50 kJ/mol  
7
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,757.10 kJ/mol  
24
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,848.70 kJ/mol  
2
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,006.60 kJ/mol  
2
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,900.00 kJ/mol  
8
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
14
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,995.00 kJ/mol  
13
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
899.50 kJ/mol  
22
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
899.00 kJ/mol  
12
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
26
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
899.00 kJ/mol  
10
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
31
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
297.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,970.00 kJ/mol  
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.17 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.98 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
4  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[He] 2s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Beryllium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
4  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
5  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
4  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
112.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
96.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
153.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
9.01 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
5.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Lithium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Sodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
82.00 (-eV)  
15
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
228.58 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
1.85 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.69 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
287.00 MPa  
16
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
17
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
132.00 GPa  
7
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
130.00 GPa  
13
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
287.00 GPa  
7
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.03  
36
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
1.85  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
11
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
36.00 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.31 106/cm Ω  
5
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
1.82 J/(kg K)  
2
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
16.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
200.00 W/m·K  
6
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,551.00 K  
39
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
294.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
11.72 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
326.40 kJ/mol  
40
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
9.50 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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