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Praseodymium Potassium Comparison

Praseodymium
Potassium
Potassium Praseodymium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
K  
Group Number
3  
15
1  
17
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440097  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1885  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.07 %  
9
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
1.50 %  
6
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.04 %  
3
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.20 %  
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
1,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
2
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
2,100.00 p.p.m.  
3
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
63.65 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
774.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
0.40  
25
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
0.36 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
100.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
2,000.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
K  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.82  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
0.45  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
0.91  
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.73  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
0.73  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
3.18  
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
418.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,052.00 kJ/mol  
5
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,420.00 kJ/mol  
8
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,877.00 kJ/mol  
18
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,975.00 kJ/mol  
14
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,590.00 kJ/mol  
19
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,343.00 kJ/mol  
17
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,944.00 kJ/mol  
13
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,963.70 kJ/mol  
15
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
48,610.00 kJ/mol  
3
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,490.00 kJ/mol  
4
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,730.00 kJ/mol  
15
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
68,950.00 kJ/mol  
4
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
75,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
83,080.00 kJ/mol  
13
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
99,710.00 kJ/mol  
8
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,196.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.20 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
419.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.46 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
2.30 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
19  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Ar] 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
19  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
20  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
19  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
227.00 pm  
4
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
275.00 pm  
7
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
39.10 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
45.46 cm3/mol  
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Aluminium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Calcium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
10.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
532.80 pm  
13
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.69  
10
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
0.86 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
0.83 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
16.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
9
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
34
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
1.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
3.10 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
3.53 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
0.86  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
72.00 nΩ·m  
37
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
16
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
48.40 kJ/mol  
27
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.75 J/(kg K)  
6
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
29.60 J/mol·K  
8
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
102.50 W/m·K  
15
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
2,223.00 K  
14
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
83.30 µm/(m·K)  
3
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
77.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
2.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
89.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
64.70 J/mol.K  
19
Summary >>
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