Praseodymium Silver Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr
Ag
Group Number
Not Available
11
7
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440100
99+
7440224
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Unknown
Discovery
In 1885
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
22
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
39
0.00 %
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
- This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
In Bone
Not Available
0.44 p.p.m.
20
Physical Properties
Melting Point
935.00 °C
99+
961.93 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C
27
2,212.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa
24
251.00 MPa
37
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
229.00 MPa
30
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s
40
2,680.00 m/s
34
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
97.00 %
1
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pr
Ag
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
36
3
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13
99+
1.93
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.83
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.42
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.47
15
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.87
7
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87
12
2.07
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol
99+
731.00 kJ/mol
27
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol
29
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr
40
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.26 eV
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
59
99+
47
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
59
99+
47
99+
Number of Neutrons
82
99+
61
99+
Number of Electrons
59
99+
47
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm
11
144.00 pm
36
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm
9
145.00 pm
39
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm
14
172.00 pm
38
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu
99+
107.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol
15
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)
99+
11.40 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm
29
408.53 pm
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61
4
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3
99+
10.49 g/cm3
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3
39
9.32 g/cm3
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
25
0.00 (Pa)
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)
7
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa
39
30.00 GPa
23
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa
40
100.00 GPa
16
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa
99+
83.00 GPa
23
Poisson Ratio
0.28
16
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
6.77
99+
10.50
26
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
5
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m
99+
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
125.60 kJ/mol
5
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K
18
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K
99+
429.00 W/m·K
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol
29
255.10 kJ/mol
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol
99+
11.30 kJ/mol
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol
24
284.50 kJ/mol
37
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K
10
42.60 J/mol.K
35
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