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Praseodymium vs Silver

Praseodymium
Silver
Silver vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Ag  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
In 1885  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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