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Praseodymium vs Iron

Praseodymium
Iron
Iron vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Fe  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
-  
Discovery
In 1885  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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