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Praseodymium vs Plutonium

Praseodymium
Plutonium
Plutonium vs Praseodymium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pr  
Pu  
Group Number
3  
15
0  
18
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440100  
99+
7440075  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P121/m1  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
11.00  
16
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Discovery
In 1885  
In Between 1940 1941  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
40
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
39
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Moderately Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
935.00 °C  
99+
639.50 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C  
28
3,235.00 °C  
25
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa  
29
627.00 MPa  
22
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
617.00 MPa  
26
Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.64  
30
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
60.00 %  
23
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pr  
Pu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31  
8
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.28  
34
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.13  
36
1.28  
26
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.22  
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.13  
99+
1.28  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.87  
12
2.72  
21
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
13th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
15th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
17th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
3.88 eV  
38
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
59  
99+
94  
24
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
59  
99+
94  
24
Number of Neutrons
82  
99+
150  
12
Number of Electrons
59  
99+
94  
24
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
182.00 pm  
13
159.00 pm  
30
Covalent Radius
203.00 pm  
9
187.00 pm  
20
Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm  
18
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
140.91 amu  
99+
244.00 amu  
19
Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cerium
  
Neptunium
  
Next Element
Neodymium
  
Americium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
64.90 (-eV)  
21
Lattice Constant
367.25 pm  
32
618.30 pm  
4
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
18
1.74  
6
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
19.82 g/cm3  
13
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
16.63 g/cm3  
18
Tensile Strength
55.00 MPa  
37
40.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
27
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)  
7
2.20 (Pa)  
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa  
99+
96.00 GPa  
23
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
16
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.77  
99+
19.84  
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
19
0.00  
21
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,208.00 K  
99+
913.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
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