Promethium Calcium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Ca
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
Not Available
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1942
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
Not Available
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
170.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
20
99+
Number of Electrons
61
99+
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
41.60 J/mol.K
36
|
||
|
||
|
