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Promethium Mercury Comparison

Promethium
Mercury
Mercury Promethium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Hg   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1942   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.05 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
Not Available   
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Unknown   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
121   
22
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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