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Properties of Thorium and Neodymium

Thorium
Neodymium
Properties of Neodymium & Thorium


Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
1,010.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
3,127.00 °C   
28
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
265.00 MPa   
35
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
345.00 MPa   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   
Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
2,330.00 m/s   
38
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Nd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
30   
9
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.14   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.86   
13
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
533.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,130.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
1.79 g/amp-hr   
37
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
3.20 eV   
34
Other Chemical Properties
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity   
?
Stable metals are non radioactive metals and have zero valence electrons in the outer shell.Chemical Stability, 
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Flammable metals have ability to burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion.Flammable, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
7.01 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.89 g/cm3   
36
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
21
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
101.00 (Pa)   
2
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
16.30 GPa   
38
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
31.80 GPa   
37
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
41.40 GPa   
40
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
0.28   
16
Other Mechanical Properties
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile   
NA   
Periodic Table
Symbol
Th   
Nd   
Group Number
0   
18
1   
17
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block   
Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide   
?
Total 15 metals are included in Lanthanide series from Lanthanum to Lutetium. Lanthanide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Lanthanide   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90   
28
60   
99+
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
144.24 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
20.60 cm3/mol   
18
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f4 6s2   
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
43.40 (-eV)   
99+
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90   
28
60   
99+
Number of Neutrons
142   
15
84   
40
Number of Electrons
90   
28
60   
99+
Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100   
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
181.00 pm   
13
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
201.00 pm   
10
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
229.00 pm   
20
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
365.80 pm   
30
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.61   
4
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Promethium
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Praseodymium
  
Magnetic Properties
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
643.00 nΩ·m   
6
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Electrical Property
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor   
NA   
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
7.00   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.19 J/(kg K)   
32
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
16.50 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
27.45 J/mol·K   
17
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
9.60 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
71.50 J/mol.K   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
273.00 kJ/mol   
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
7.14 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
322.00 kJ/mol   
32
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