Properties of Thorium and Tin
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C
  
17
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
  
99+
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Reflectivity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s
  
36
2,730.00 m/s
  
32
Allotropes
No
  
Yes
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Grey Tin (Alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
White Tin (Beta Tin)
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Rhombic Tin (Gamma Tin)
  
Chemical Formula
Th
  
Sn
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol
  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol
  
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr
  
24
1.11 g/amp-hr
  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3
  
32
7.37 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Symbol
Th
  
Sn
  
Period Number
7
  
5
  
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
16.30 cm3/mol
  
32
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)
  
23
83.50 (-eV)
  
14
Atom
  
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m
  
22
115.00 nΩ·m
  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
  
31
0.09 106/cm Ω
  
23
Electron Affinity
Not Available
  
107.30 kJ/mol
  
8
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Permeability
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Susceptibility
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
28
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K
  
28
66.80 W/m·K
  
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K
  
30
27.11 J/mol·K
  
20
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)
  
36
22.00 µm/(m·K)
  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
  
15
290.40 kJ/mol
  
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
7.03 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
  
15
301.30 kJ/mol
  
35