Radium Cerium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Ce
Group Number
2
16
Not Available
Period Number
7
6
Block
s block
f block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7440451
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Discovery
In 1898
In 1803
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
27
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
18
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Research
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Moderately Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
30
In Bone
Not Available
2.70 p.p.m.
14
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
795.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
3,257.00 °C
23
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
186.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
210.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,100.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Ce
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
30
9
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
1.12
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.08
31
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
2.88
11
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
534.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
1,949.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,547.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,325.00 kJ/mol
22
6th Energy Level
Not Available
7,490.00 kJ/mol
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
1.74 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.84 eV
39
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
58
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cerium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
58
99+
Number of Neutrons
138
16
82
99+
Number of Electrons
88
30
58
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
181.80 pm
12
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
204.00 pm
8
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
235.00 pm
17
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
140.12 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
20.67 cm3/mol
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
41.78 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
362.00 pm
34
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
6.77 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.55 g/cm3
38
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
34
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
1.04 (Pa)
13
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
13.50 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
21.50 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
33.60 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.24
27
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
6.77
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
828.00 nΩ·m
3
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.19 J/(kg K)
32
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.94 J/mol·K
23
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
11.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
414.00 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
5.46 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
381.00 kJ/mol
23
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
72.00 J/mol.K
12
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