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Radium Palladium Comparison

Radium
Palladium
Palladium Radium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Pd  
Group Number
2  
16
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
s block  
d block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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