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Radium vs Palladium

Radium
Palladium
Palladium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Pd   
Group Number
2   
16
10   
8
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440053   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1803   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000003 %   
24
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
NA   
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
1,554.90 °C   
22
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
2,963.00 °C   
33
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
4.75   
9
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
320.00 MPa   
33
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
121.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,070.00 m/s   
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.72   
1
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Pd   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
38   
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
2.20   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.35   
21
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
1.80   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
520.23 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol   
2
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
11,815.13 kJ/mol   
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
1.99 g/amp-hr   
30
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
5.12 eV   
3
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
46   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
46   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
60   
99+
Number of Electrons
88   
30
46   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
137.00 pm   
40
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
163.00 pm   
40
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
106.42 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
8.90 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
33.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
389.07 pm   
25
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
12.02 g/cm3   
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.38 g/cm3   
17
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
44.00 GPa   
17
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
180.00 GPa   
9
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
121.00 GPa   
16
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.39   
5
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
12.02   
21
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
105.40 nΩ·m   
29
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.10 106/cm Ω   
22
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
54.23 kJ/mol   
17
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.24 J/(kg K)   
23
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.98 J/mol·K   
33
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
71.80 W/m·K   
23
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
11.80 µm/(m·K)   
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
376.60 kJ/mol   
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
16.74 kJ/mol   
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
393.30 kJ/mol   
22
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
37.60 J/mol.K   
40
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