Radium vs Bismuth
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Bi
Group Number
2
16
15
3
Period Number
7
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7440699
22
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
C12/m1
Space Group Number
229.00
1
12.00
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
In 1898
In 1753
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
7 * 10-8 %
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.000006 %
14
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
In Bone
Not Available
0.20 p.p.m.
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
271.30 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
1,560.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.25
15
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
70.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,790.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Bi
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
33
6
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
2.02
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
2.15
4
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
1.98
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
703.00 kJ/mol
35
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
83
33
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
83
33
Number of Neutrons
138
16
126
18
Number of Electrons
88
30
83
33
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
156.00 pm
29
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
207.00 pm
26
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
208.98 amu
29
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
21.30 cm3/mol
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
667.40 pm
2
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
9.78 g/cm3
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
10.05 g/cm3
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
12.00 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
31.00 GPa
38
Young's Modulus
Not Available
32.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.33
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
9.79
30
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
6
Susceptibility
Not Available
0.00
6
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Semiconductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
91.20 kJ/mol
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
7.97 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
10.90 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
56.70 J/mol.K
24
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