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Radium vs Hafnium

Radium
Hafnium
Hafnium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Hf   
Group Number
2   
16
4   
14
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
27
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
106   
29
Number of Electrons
88   
30
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
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