Radium vs Lead
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Pb
Group Number
2
16
14
4
Period Number
7
6
Block
s block
p block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7439921
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
- The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Unknown
Discovery
In 1898
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
0.00 %
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3
11
In Bone
Not Available
30.00 p.p.m.
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
327.50 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
1,740.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
38.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,190.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Pb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
1.87
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
2.41
2
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
1.67
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
715.60 kJ/mol
31
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
3,081.50 kJ/mol
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,083.00 kJ/mol
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,640.00 kJ/mol
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
3.87 g/amp-hr
9
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
82
34
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
82
34
Number of Neutrons
138
16
125
19
Number of Electrons
88
30
82
34
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
175.00 pm
19
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
202.00 pm
27
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
207.20 amu
30
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
18.17 cm3/mol
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
495.08 pm
16
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
11.34 g/cm3
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
10.66 g/cm3
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available
12.00 MPa
20
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.64 (Pa)
7
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
5.60 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
46.00 GPa
24
Young's Modulus
Not Available
16.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.44
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
11.35
25
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
208.00 nΩ·m
16
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.05 106/cm Ω
36
Electron Affinity
Not Available
35.10 kJ/mol
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.65 J/mol·K
26
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
35.30 W/m·K
38
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
28.90 µm/(m·K)
13
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
179.40 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
4.77 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
194.60 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
64.80 J/mol.K
17
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