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Radium vs Magnesium

Radium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra  
Mg  
Group Number
2  
16
2  
16
Period Number
7  
3  
Block
s block  
s block  
Element Family
Alkaline Earth  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440144  
99+
7439954  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joseph Black  
Discovery
In 1898  
In 1755  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.06 %  
3
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.07 %  
2
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
12.00 %  
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.90 %  
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
99+
0.13 %  
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
23
0.03 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3  
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1,800.00 p.p.m.  
4
Physical
Melting Point
700.00 °C  
99+
650.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C  
99+
1,107.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.00  
22
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
700.00 MPa  
17
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
140.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,150.00 m/s  
37
4,940.00 m/s  
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.49  
37
Reflectivity
83.00 %  
6
74.00 %  
9
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ra  
Mg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
15  
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.31  
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.32  
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97  
39
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92  
99+
1.37  
30
Allen Electronegativity
0.89  
99+
1.29  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10  
5
2.69  
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
24
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol  
5
4th Energy Level
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
10,542.50 kJ/mol  
4
5th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,630.00 kJ/mol  
3
6th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18,020.00 kJ/mol  
3
7th Energy level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21,711.00 kJ/mol  
3
8th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,661.00 kJ/mol  
3
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
31,653.00 kJ/mol  
3
10th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,458.00 kJ/mol  
5
11th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
169,988.00 kJ/mol  
1
12th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,368.00 kJ/mol  
1
13th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
24
14th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
16th Energy Level
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,770.00 kJ/mol  
16
17th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
37
18th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,370.00 kJ/mol  
27
19th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
34
20th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.00 kJ/mol  
28
21st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
738.00 kJ/mol  
22
23rd Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
25th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
26th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
27th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
19
28th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
25
29th Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
26
30th Energy Level
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
737.70 kJ/mol  
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
0.45 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
3.66 eV  
40
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
88  
30
12  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2  
[Ne] 3s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88  
30
12  
99+
Number of Neutrons
138  
17
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
88  
30
12  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm  
6
160.00 pm  
29
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm  
3
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm  
5
173.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu  
26
24.31 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
13.97 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
40.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm  
15
320.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
99+
1.62  
15
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.74 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
1.58 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
2
0.00  
24
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
25.00 GPa  
38
17.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
43.00 GPa  
33
45.00 GPa  
29
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00  
99+
1.74  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
18
0.00  
33
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
43.90 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.23 106/cm Ω  
7
Electron Affinity
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
1.02 J/(kg K)  
4
Molar Heat Capacity
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
24.87 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
156.00 W/m·K  
8
Critical Temperature
973.00 K  
99+
923.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)  
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
128.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
8.95 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
32.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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