Radium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra
Mg
Group Number
2
16
2
16
Period Number
7
3
Block
s block
s block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440144
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
- Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Not Available
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1898
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
20
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
- It is used in luminous paints.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
Not Available
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C
99+
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90
99+
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97
38
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92
20
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
0.89
99+
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10
5
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
Not Available
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr
6
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88
30
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
88
30
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
138
16
12
99+
Number of Electrons
88
30
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
Not Available
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm
3
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm
4
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu
26
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol
4
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)
99+
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm
13
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
Not Available
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.00
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m
31
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
Not Available
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K
99+
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol
99+
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K
14
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
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