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Radium vs Niobium

Radium
Niobium
Niobium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Nb   
Group Number
2   
16
5   
13
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
Not Available   
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
88   
30
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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