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Radium vs Rhodium

Radium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Radium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ra   
Rh   
Group Number
2   
16
9   
9
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkaline Earth   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440144   
99+
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1898   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
20
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
700.00 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
1,737.00 °C   
99+
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ra   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.90   
99+
2.28   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.97   
38
1.45   
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.92   
20
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.89   
99+
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.10   
5
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
509.30 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
979.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.22 g/amp-hr   
6
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
88   
30
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 7s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
88   
30
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
138   
16
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
88   
30
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
Not Available   
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
221.00 pm   
3
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
283.00 pm   
4
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
226.00 amu   
26
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
45.20 cm3/mol   
4
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Francium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Actinium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
20.10 (-eV)   
99+
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
514.80 pm   
13
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.00   
99+
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
NA   
Conductor   
Resistivity
100.00 nΩ·m   
31
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
18.60 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.00 kJ/mol   
99+
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
71.00 J/mol.K   
14
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
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