Rh Element

Rhodium

Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

9 9

Period Number

5 3

Block

d block

Element Family

Transition Metal

CAS Number

7440166 63

Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Space Group Number

225.00 3

Facts

Interesting Facts

Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.

Sources

Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining

History

Who Discovered

William Hyde Wollaston

Discovery

In 1804

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 % 27

Abundance In Sun

0.00 % 25

Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 % 36

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 % 55

Abundance In Oceans

Abundance In Humans

0.00 % 24

Uses

Uses & Benefits

Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.

It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.

Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Other Uses

Alloys

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Present in Human Body

In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 37

In Bone

0.00 p.p.m. 41

Physical

Melting Point

1,966.00 °C 12

Boiling Point

3,727.00 °C 17

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silvery White

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

6.00 6

Brinell Hardness

980.00 MPa 10

Vickers Hardness

1,100.00 MPa 15

Speed of Sound

4,700.00 m/s 19

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

2.40 7

Reflectivity

84.00 % 5

Allotropes

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

16 23

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

2.28 4

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.28 5

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.45 17

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.28 4

Allen Electronegativity

1.56 27

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

1.72 51

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 29

2nd Energy Level

1,740.00 kJ/mol 27

3rd Energy Level

2,997.00 kJ/mol 27

4th Energy Level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 11

5th Energy Level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 26

6th Energy Level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 40

7th Energy level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 35

8th Energy Level

3,480.00 kJ/mol 82

9th Energy Level

5,090.00 kJ/mol 76

10th Energy Level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 33

11th Energy Level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 32

12th Energy Level

7,190.00 kJ/mol 50

13th Energy Level

7,190.00 kJ/mol 27

14th Energy Level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 21

15th Energy Level

71,900.00 kJ/mol 23

16th Energy Level

71,900.00 kJ/mol 18

17th Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 39

18th Energy Level

7,197.00 kJ/mol 29

19th Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 36

20th Energy Level

719.00 kJ/mol 30

21st Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 48

22nd Energy Level

719.00 kJ/mol 24

23rd Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 49

24th Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 23

25th Energy Level

719.00 kJ/mol 23

26th Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 23

27th Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 22

28th Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 28

29th Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol 29

30th Energy Level

719.00 kJ/mol 23

Electrochemical Equivalent

1.28 g/amp-hr 54

Electron Work Function

4.98 eV 10

Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Atomic

Atomic Number

45 67

Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹

Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Crystal Lattice

FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100

Atom

Number of Protons

45 66

Number of Neutrons

58 50

Number of Electrons

45 66

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

134.00 pm 45

Covalent Radius

142.00 pm 44

Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm 35

Atomic Weight

102.91 amu 61

Atomic Volume

8.30 cm3/mol 77

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

64.00 (-eV) 22

Lattice Constant

380.34 pm 30

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.73 7

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

12.41 g/cm³ 30

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.70 g/cm3 35

Tensile Strength

951.00 MPa 5

Viscosity

0.00 25

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa) 37

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.02 (Pa) 19

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

150.00 GPa 6

Bulk Modulus

275.00 GPa 5

Young's Modulus

380.00 GPa 5

Poisson Ratio

0.26 22

Other Mechanical Properties

Malleable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

12.41 32

Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m 17

Susceptibility

0.00 24

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

43.30 nΩ·m 46

Electrical Conductivity

0.21 10⁶/cm Ω 8

Electron Affinity

109.70 kJ/mol 8

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K) 22

Molar Heat Capacity

24.98 J/mol·K 54

Thermal Conductivity

150.00 W/m·K 9

Critical Temperature

2,237.00 K 13

Thermal Expansion

8.20 µm/(m·K) 62

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

495.40 kJ/mol 16

Enthalpy of Fusion

21.76 kJ/mol 10

Enthalpy of Atomization

556.50 kJ/mol 16

Standard Molar Entropy

31.50 J/mol.K 66

Summary >>

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