Rhodium Erbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh
Er
Group Number
9
9
Not Available
Period Number
5
6
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440166
99+
7440520
35
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- Erbium metal is used as alloyed with Vanadium to make it softer.
- Recent studies shows that it is helpful for metabolism.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery
In 1804
In 1842
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
32
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- It has a tendency to get tarnished in the open air, but when alloyed with elements like erbium, vanadium, its hardness levels decreases.
- Its compounds like Erbium oxide is used in safety glasses of welders and metal workers.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C
12
1,522.00 °C
28
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C
17
2,510.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa
9
814.00 MPa
11
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa
9
589.00 MPa
19
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
2,830.00 m/s
28
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh
Er
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.24
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45
16
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.56
24
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.76
18
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol
29
589.30 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
1,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
2,194.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
2.08 g/amp-hr
28
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45
99+
68
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Erbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
45
99+
68
99+
Number of Neutrons
58
99+
99
33
Number of Electrons
45
99+
68
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
189.00 pm
19
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
Not Available
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu
99+
167.26 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
18.40 cm3/mol
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
49.00 (-eV)
29
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm
27
355.88 pm
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.57
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3
28
9.07 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3
14
8.86 g/cm3
23
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa
5
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
20
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)
19
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa
6
28.30 GPa
25
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa
5
44.40 GPa
27
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa
5
69.90 GPa
29
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.24
28
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.41
20
9.07
32
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
0.86 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol
7
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
0.17 J/(kg K)
34
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
28.12 J/mol·K
11
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K
9
14.50 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
12.20 µm/(m·K)
31
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol
12
261.00 kJ/mol
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol
10
17.20 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol
12
314.00 kJ/mol
33
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
73.10 J/mol.K
11
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