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Rhodium Rubidium Comparison

Rhodium
Rubidium
Rubidium Rhodium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh   
Rb   
Group Number
9   
9
1   
17
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
d block   
s block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7440177   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Discovery
In 1804   
In 1861   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~0.000003 %   
17
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
19
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
18
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
In Bone
Not Available   
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
38.89 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
688.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Grayish White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
0.30   
24
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
0.22 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh   
Rb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
0.82   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.31   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
0.89   
40
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.69   
24
Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
0.71   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
3.18   
3
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
7th Energy level
Not Available   
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
2.16 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45   
99+
37   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Kr] 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45   
99+
37   
99+
Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
48   
99+
Number of Electrons
45   
99+
37   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
248.00 pm   
2
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
220.00 pm   
4
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
303.00 pm   
3
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
85.47 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Gallium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Strontium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
558.50 pm   
10
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
2.50 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
2.40 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
1.53   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,093.00 K   
4
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
Summary >>
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