Rhodium Tin Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh
Sn
Group Number
9
9
14
4
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440166
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
I41/amd
Space Group Number
225.00
2
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Unknown
Discovery
In 1804
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %
25
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
NA
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
Not Available
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C
12
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C
17
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.00
6
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa
9
50.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa
9
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
84.00 %
4
Not Available
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
16
23
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45
16
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.56
24
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol
29
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV
6
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
45
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
58
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
45
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm
27
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3
28
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3
14
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa
5
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)
19
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa
6
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa
5
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa
5
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.26
22
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.41
20
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol
7
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K
9
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol
12
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol
10
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol
12
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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