Tin Rhodium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Rh
Group Number
14
4
9
9
Period Number
5
5
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440166
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
William Hyde Wollaston
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
In 1804
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
6 * 10-8 %
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000002 %
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
Present in Human Body
Yes
No
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
Not Available
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
1,966.00 °C
12
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
3,727.00 °C
17
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
980.00 MPa
9
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,100.00 MPa
9
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
4,700.00 m/s
15
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
84.00 %
4
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Rh
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
16
23
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
2.28
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.56
24
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
1.72
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
719.70 kJ/mol
29
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol
26
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
2,997.00 kJ/mol
27
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
1.28 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.98 eV
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
45
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
45
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
58
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
45
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
142.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
102.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
64.00 (-eV)
22
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
380.34 pm
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
12.41 g/cm3
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
10.70 g/cm3
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available
951.00 MPa
5
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.02 (Pa)
19
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
150.00 GPa
6
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
275.00 GPa
5
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
380.00 GPa
5
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.26
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
12.41
20
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
43.30 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.21 106/cm Ω
8
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
109.70 kJ/mol
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.24 J/(kg K)
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
24.98 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
150.00 W/m·K
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
8.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
495.40 kJ/mol
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
21.76 kJ/mol
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
556.50 kJ/mol
12
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
31.50 J/mol.K
99+
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