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Rhodium vs Sodium

Rhodium
Sodium
Sodium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
-  
Group Number
9  
9
1  
17
Period Number
5  
3  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Alkali  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
7440235  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
By Electrolysis Process, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Humphry Davy  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1807  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
6
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.55 %  
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
2.30 %  
5
Abundance In Oceans
-  
1.10 %  
1
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.14 %  
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
10,000.00 p.p.m.  
2
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
97.72 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
883.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
0.50  
24
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
0.69 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
0.69 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.33  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
53.00 %  
28
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
-  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
0.93  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
0.56  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.01  
36
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
0.91  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
0.87  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
3.07  
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,562.00 kJ/mol  
4
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,910.30 kJ/mol  
6
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
9,543.00 kJ/mol  
5
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
13,354.00 kJ/mol  
4
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
16,613.00 kJ/mol  
4
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
20,117.00 kJ/mol  
4
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,496.00 kJ/mol  
4
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,932.00 kJ/mol  
4
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
141,362.00 kJ/mol  
2
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
159,076.00 kJ/mol  
2
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
49,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
4,960.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
495.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
496.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
495.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.86 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
2.75 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
11  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Ne] 3s1  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
11  
99+
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
12  
99+
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
11  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
166.00 pm  
29
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
227.00 pm  
26
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
22.99 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
23.70 cm3/mol  
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
14.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
429.06 pm  
22
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.01  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
0.97 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
0.93 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
10.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
3.30 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
6.30 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
10.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
0.97  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
6
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
47.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.21 106/cm Ω  
9
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
52.80 kJ/mol  
24
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
1.23 J/(kg K)  
3
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
28.23 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
142.00 W/m·K  
11
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
2,573.00 K  
10
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
71.00 µm/(m·K)  
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
89.04 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
2.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
108.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
51.30 J/mol.K  
39
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