Sodium vs Vanadium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Na
V
Group Number
1
17
5
13
Period Number
3
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkali
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440235
99+
7440622
27
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00
1
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
In 1807
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %
6
1 * 10-4 %
10
Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %
6
~0.00004 %
13
Abundance In Meteorites
0.55 %
6
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.30 %
5
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Oceans
1.10 %
1
0.00 %
14
Abundance In Humans
0.14 %
3
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3
1
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.
2
0.00 p.p.m.
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
97.72 °C
99+
1,890.00 °C
13
Boiling Point
883.00 °C
99+
3,380.00 °C
20
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
0.50
22
6.70
4
Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa
99+
600.00 MPa
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
628.00 MPa
17
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s
24
4,560.00 m/s
17
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
61.00 %
14
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Na
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
17
22
22
17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.93
99+
1.63
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.56
30
1.39
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.01
35
1.45
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.91
21
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.87
99+
1.53
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.07
6
2.37
34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol
99+
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol
4
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol
6
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol
5
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol
4
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/mol
4
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/mol
4
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/mol
4
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/mol
4
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/mol
2
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/mol
2
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr
99+
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.75 eV
40
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
11
99+
23
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s1
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
11
99+
23
99+
Number of Neutrons
12
99+
28
99+
Number of Electrons
11
99+
23
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
166.00 pm
27
153.00 pm
33
Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm
21
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
22.99 amu
99+
50.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol
10
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)
99+
120.00 (-eV)
6
Lattice Constant
429.06 pm
19
303.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm3
99+
6.00 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm3
99+
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
800.00 MPa
6
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.23 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa
99+
47.00 GPa
16
Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa
99+
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa
99+
128.00 GPa
15
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
0.97
99+
5.96
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m
99+
197.00 nΩ·m
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω
9
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol
19
50.60 kJ/mol
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)
3
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K
10
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K
11
30.70 W/m·K
39
Critical Temperature
2,573.00 K
2
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)
4
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol
99+
458.60 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol
99+
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol
99+
514.60 kJ/mol
13
Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K
28
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
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